GS-1: Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

In News:IMD issues red alert for South Coastal A.P. and Rayalaseema

2.Analyze the role of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in providing weather warnings and alerts for cyclone-prone regions in India.

As the country’s primary meteorological agency, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) monitors cyclonic developments in the Indian Ocean and issues forecasts that inform affected areas about potential threats.

1. Forecasting and monitoring
   ● The IMD is responsible for monitoring weather patterns and forecasting cyclonic disturbances in the Indian seas and issues timely warnings.
2. Colour-coded warning system
   ● IMD employs a colour-coded warning system to communicate the severity of weather conditions:
   a. Green: No action needed.
   b. Yellow: Be aware; potential for severe weather.
   c. Orange/Amber: Be prepared; likely severe weather.
   d. Red: Take action; severe weather is imminent.
   ● This system helps the public easily understand the level of threat and necessary precautions.
3. Multi-stage warning system
   ● The IMD issues warnings in four stages:
   ● Pre-Cyclone Watch: Issued 72 hours in advance to alert about potential cyclonic disturbances.
   ● Cyclone Alert: Issued at least 48 hours before expected adverse weather, detailing storm location and intensity.
   ● Cyclone Warning: Issued 24 hours in advance, providing specific details about landfall and expected impacts.
   ● Post Landfall Outlook: Issued after landfall to inform about the cyclone’s movement and further impacts.
4. Public communication
   ● The IMD disseminates warnings through various channels, including state government officials, media broadcasts, and digital platforms.
5. Collaboration with other agencies
   ● Works with agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to enhance disaster response strategies.

Significance of IMD’s role

1. Disaster Preparedness
   ● Timely warnings allow communities to prepare for cyclones, reducing potential loss of life and property.
   ● Alerts enable local authorities to mobilise resources and implement evacuation plans when necessary.
2. Economic impact
   ● By providing accurate forecasts, the IMD helps mitigate economic losses in agriculture and fisheries sectors that are often severely affected by cyclones.
3. Public safety
   ● The IMD’s warnings contribute significantly to public safety by informing residents about impending dangers, thereby empowering them to take necessary precautions.
   Challenges faced by IMD
4. Communication gaps
   ● Despite advancements, there can still be delays or misunderstandings in disseminating information, especially in remote areas.
5. Resource limitations
   ● The effectiveness of warnings can be hampered by limited technological resources or infrastructure in certain regions.
6. Climate change impacts
   ● Increasing unpredictability of weather patterns due to climate change poses challenges for accurate forecasting.

The IMD is vital for safeguarding lives and property in cyclone-prone regions through effective forecasting and warning systems. Continuous improvements in technology, collaboration, and community engagement are essential for enhancing its disaster management capabilities.

PYQ

1. Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological Department. 2022

Source:

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/imd-issues-red-alert-for-south-coastal-ap-and-rayalaseema-on-october-16/article68757295.ece