GS-3:Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism;Security Challenges and their Management in Border Areas;Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security.

In News:NIA team begins probe into attack in Ganderbal; militants remain untraced

1.In the context of ongoing militancy in Jammu and Kashmir, analyse the challenges posed by militant organisations and the strategies employed by the government to counter these threats.
Also examine the potential strategies for countering militant activities and restoring public trust in the region.

The recent terrorist attack in Ganderbal district, Jammu and Kashmir, serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing threat posed by militant organisations in the region.

Challenges posed by militant organisations:

1. Resurgence of militancy:
   ● Increased attacks linked to political uncertainties and disruptions following the abrogation of Article 370.
2. Changing tactics:
   ● Adaptation of guerrilla warfare techniques and use of encrypted communication to evade detection.
   ● They frequently resort to violence, including bombings, ambushes, and kidnappings, to achieve their objectives.
3. Cross-border infiltration:
   ● Militants often infiltrate into Jammu and Kashmir from across the border with Pakistan, making it difficult for security forces to track and eliminate them.
4. Public Fear:
   ● The threat of violence can create a climate of fear and uncertainty among the population, hindering economic development and social progress.
5. Local support:
   ● They often rely on local support, including shelter, food, and intelligence, which can make it challenging to counter their activities.
6. Community polarisation:
   ● Erosion of trust between local populations and security forces, complicating counter-terrorism efforts.

Government strategies to counter militant threats:

1. Enhanced security measures:
   ● Implementation of a zero-tolerance policy with intensified operations against militants.
2. Intelligence coordination:
   ● Improved sharing of information among intelligence agencies about terrorist activities.
3. Community engagement initiatives:
   ● Programs aimed at addressing local grievances to counter radicalization efforts.Ex: Vibrant Village Programme
4. Technological integration:
   ● Use of drones and advanced surveillance for better intelligence gathering.
5. Dismantling the terror ecosystem:
   ● Targeting militants and their support networks, including financial and logistical channels.
6. Restoration of democratic processes:
   ● Conducting elections to legitimise government authority and foster local participation.
7. Emotional Connect:
   ● Frequent visits by union ministers and government officials to reinforce government presence and commitment.
   ● Hosting G20 events in Kashmir to showcase the region’s potential and promote tourism.

Potential strategies for countering militant activities

1. Addressing root causes:
   ● Prioritising socio-economic development initiatives to reduce recruitment into militancy.
2. Strengthening local governance:
   ● Empowering local governance structures to enhance community resilience against militancy.
3. Fostering inter-agency coordination:
   ● Enhancing coordination between security agencies for effective counter-terrorism operations.
4. Promoting dialogue:
   ● Initiating dialogue with moderate community voices for inclusive conflict resolution.
5. Monitoring cross-border activities:
   ● Strengthening border management strategies to prevent infiltration without harming local populations.

A comprehensive approach combining robust security measures, community engagement, and socio-economic development is essential for addressing the challenges posed by militancy in Jammu and Kashmir, restoring public trust, and achieving long-term stability in the region.

PYQ

1. The banning of ‘Jamaat-e – islaami’ in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize the influence of OGWs.2019
2. Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism-affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir.2023
3. For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local support to militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perception among locals.2020

Source:

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/militants-set-company-vehicles-on-fire-after-ganderbal-killings-nia-joins-probe/article68779969.ece