In News:Copper plates from Vijayanagara Kingdom discovered in Tiruvallur district
1.Estimate the contribution of Vijayanagar kingdom for the development of art and architecture of South India.
The Vijayanagar Empire, which thrived in South India from from the 14th to the 16th centuries, made significant contributions to the development of art and architecture, leaving a lasting legacy that influenced subsequent generations.
Architectural Innovations
● Synthesis of styles:
Vijayanagar architecture is characterised by a unique amalgamation of various regional styles, including those of the Chalukyas, Hoysalas, Pandyas, and Cholas. This synthesis resulted in a distinctive architectural language that emphasised ornate pillared halls, towering rayagopurams (monumental entrance towers), and elaborate sculptures.
● Temple architecture
Temples featured Kalyana mandapas and large halls with intricately carved pillars. Notable examples include the Vitthala Temple and Hazara Ramaswamy Temple.
● Influence of islamic architecture
Secular structures like the Lotus Mahal and Elephant Stables incorporated Islamic elements such as arches and domes, reflecting a cosmopolitan society.
Artistic Contributions
● Sculpture and Relief Work
Large life-sized deity figures adorned temples, with reliefs depicting Hindu mythology and intricate carvings of animals and floral patterns.
● Painting Traditions
The Vijayanagara school of painting produced frescoes with rich colours and intricate designs, often found on temple walls and ceilings.
● Cultural Impact
The empire’s patronage led to a cultural renaissance, fostering literature in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, and Sanskrit. Its artistic legacy influenced later kingdoms, especially the Nayaka rulers.
The Vijayanagar Empire played a crucial role in shaping the artistic and architectural heritage of South India through its innovative synthesis of styles, monumental constructions, and vibrant artistic expressions. Its influence is still evident today in many historical sites across the region.
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