GS-3:Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism.

In News: At least 28 Naxalites killed in Chhattisgarh operation

2.Naxalism is a complex issue rooted in socioeconomic disparities and developmental challenges, often expressing itself through violent means. In this context, discuss the steps taken by the government to counter the challenges posed by Naxalism.

Naxalism poses a significant challenge to India’s internal security, rooted in socio-economic disparities and developmental issues. In response, the government has implemented a multifaceted approach to counter the challenges posed by Naxalism.

Security measures

1. Armed forces deployment: The government has deployed significant armed forces like National Security Guard (NSG) and Special Frontier Force (SFF) to Naxal-affected areas to contain and suppress violent activities.
2. Joint operations: Coordinated operations involving the army, paramilitary forces, and state police have been launched to target Naxalite strongholds.Example:Operation Samadhan
3. Intelligence gathering: Enhanced intelligence gathering and surveillance have been implemented to track Naxalite activities and disrupt their plans.
4. Operation Green Hunt:Launched in 2010, this operation involved a massive deployment of security forces in Naxal-affected areas.

Development initiatives

1. Infrastructure development: The government has focused on building infrastructure, such as roads, schools, and healthcare facilities, in Naxal-affected regions to improve living conditions and reduce poverty.Example: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY),
2. Welfare schemes: Various welfare schemes have been implemented to provide economic assistance and social security to vulnerable communities.
3. Community development programs: Efforts have been made to promote community development programs, empowering local communities and building trust between the government and residents.

Political engagement and reconciliation

1. Peace talks: The government has engaged in peace talks with Naxalite groups to explore possibilities for dialogue and reconciliation.
2. Surrender policies: Incentives and rehabilitation programs have been offered to Naxalites who surrender, encouraging them to abandon violence and rejoin mainstream society. Example: Ghulam Azad Surrender Policy
3. Community mediation: Local communities have been involved in mediation efforts to address grievances and foster peace within affected areas.

Addressing root causes

1. Land reforms:To address land inequality and provide land rights to marginalised communities.
2. Education and skill development: To improve education and skill development opportunities, enhancing the livelihood prospects of young people and reducing their vulnerability to Naxalite recruitment.Example:National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)
3. Good governance: The government has focused on improving governance and reducing corruption at the local level to enhance public trust and confidence.

Public awareness and counter-propaganda

1. Media outreach: The government has utilised media to raise awareness about the dangers of Naxalism and its impact on society.
2. Community radio stations: Community radio stations have been established in Naxal-affected regions to disseminate government messages and counter Naxalite propaganda.

The government’s strategy to counter Naxalism combines robust security measures with socio-economic development initiatives. A continued focus on development and effective governance is essential for long-term peace and stability in affected regions.

PYQ

1. Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues and suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism. 2022
2. What are the sound determinants of left-wing extremism in Eastern part of India? What strategy should Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas? 2020
3. Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE.2018
4. The persisting drives of the government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements with Malkangiri and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the left wing extremism (LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth.2015

Source:

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maoists-gunned-down-in-chhattisgarhs-bastar-region/article68718189.ece#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIn%20a%20fierce%20encounter%20between,spirit%2C%E2%80%9D%20the%20CM%20said.