PAPER-IV GS-III: Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management

Security Challenges and their Management in Border Areas

In News:India needs a ‘National Security Strategy’ 

‘India needs a National Security Strategy now more than ever’. Do you agree? Also discuss key challenges and considerations for India in developing a comprehensive National Security Strategy.

A National Security Strategy is a comprehensive document that outlines a nation’s security objectives and the ways to achieve them. Given the evolving geopolitical landscape and the complex security challenges facing the nation, a National Security Strategy is essential for India.

Reasons for the Urgency of a National Security Strategy(NSS):

1. Complex security environment: India is in a region with rising tensions, particularly with China and Pakistan. A cohesive strategy is critical to address both traditional and non-traditional threats as geopolitical dynamics shift rapidly.
2. Geopolitical shifts: The world is undergoing significant changes, with increasing instability among major powers. As a key player globally, India requires a clear strategy to navigate these challenges effectively.
3. Accountability and resource allocation: An NSS would enhance accountability in defense management and facilitate better resource allocation across ministries, especially important during budget constraints.
4. Economic challenges: The global economy faces headwinds from events like the war in Ukraine. India’s goal of becoming a $4 trillion economy necessitates a robust NSS to safeguard its interests and ensure economic stability.
5. Internal challenges: Social and economic inequalities can threaten India’s overall security. An NSS can address these issues, promoting domestic stability.
6. Technological advancements: Rapid advancements in technology, particularly in AI and cyber warfare, present both opportunities and threats. An NSS can help India leverage these technologies while managing associated risks.
7. Global standards: Most developed nations(US, UK) have established NSS frameworks that are regularly updated. India’s absence of such a strategy puts it at a disadvantage in strategic planning and international cooperation.

Key challenges in developing a National Security Strategy

1. Political hesitation: Political reluctance to commit to a formal NSS may stem from fears of accountability and criticism from opposition parties.
2. Consensus building: Achieving agreement among diverse political factions on national security priorities can be challenging due to differing ideologies.
3. Resource constraints: Competing demands for limited financial resources can hinder the development and implementation of an NSS, as defence budgets often compete with social welfare initiatives.
4. Bureaucratic challenges: Conflicting views within different agencies complicate efforts to create a unified strategy.
5. Evolving threat landscape: The emergence of new threats necessitates that the NSS be adaptable and regularly updated.

Considerations for developing a comprehensive National Security Strategy:

1. Holistic framework: The NSS should encompass military, economic, diplomatic, and technological dimensions for a comprehensive view of national security.
2. Risk assessment: A thorough analysis of potential threats must inform the strategy, addressing both immediate concerns and long-term challenges.
3. International cooperation: Engaging with allies can enhance India’s security posture while collaboratively addressing regional challenges.
4. Public communication: The government should communicate the objectives of the NSS to build public support while maintaining necessary confidentiality.
5. Implementation mechanisms: Clear guidelines for implementation should ensure coordination among various ministries towards common security goals.

Formulating a National Security Strategy is crucial for India to navigate its complex security environment effectively. By addressing outlined challenges and considerations, India can enhance its national security framework and better position itself in an increasingly uncertain world.

Source:https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/india-needs-a-national-security-strategy/article68671193.ece

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-to-bring-in-a-national-security-strategy-what-is-it-why-is-it-important-9014489/